Ric Knowles: Shakespearean Performativity, English History, and the First Tetralogy in Performance

Most "performance criticism" of Shakespeare to date has concerned itself with theatrical productions as "readings," as interpretation of Shakespeare's plays as scripts, using definitions of and approaches to "performance" that are isolated from activity in and scholarship on contemporary performance, theatrical and otherwise. These definitions and approaches tend to treat Shakespearean performance in isolation from other contemporary theatrical activity and to isolate the performance criticism of Shakespeare from other Shakespeare scholarship. Much performance criticism of Shakespeare, ironically, has not followed the lead of even those Shakespeare scholars who understand the text itself to be "performative" (usually in the sense that they consider the texts' "illocutionary force"). As a working definition, Joseph Roach has usefully defined "performance" as "the kinaeshtetic and vocal embodiment of social memory and self invention," while Josette Feral has argued that performance "attempts not to tell (like theatre) but to provoke synaesthetic relationships between subjects." This paper draws upon contemporary theories of performance and performativity in order to consider the performative "force" of post-1963 productions of Shakespeare's first tetralogy as constitutive embodiments of English social memory and English subjectivities. In doing so it will attempt to model a new approach to the performance criticism of Shakespeare.